Abstract
This paper presents the results of the research carried out in the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands. It has been established that land improvement techniques increased the integral index of physical soil conditions from 0.41-0.60 to 0.80-0.86. The soil demonstrated a greater total number of microorganisms, as well as certain physiological groups such as actinomycetes, autochthonous and especially nitrogen-fixers; but the number of fungi and denitrifiers, as well as the fungi causing the Fusarium wilt of the plants, decreased.Average crops increase achieved with the help of deep reclaiming band tillage of drained gleyish soil to depth 50-60 cm was 9.0-24.1% in both wet and dry years. This land improvement technique effect lasts for two-three years or longer. The ridged plowing compared to the ordinary plowing raised the spring crops by 0.55-0.61 ton/ha (by 16.9-17.5%) without making any additional expenditures.
Highlights
Preservation and reproduction of soil fertility is a global problem, since it has a direct bearing on food security for the whole world
In the humid zone of Russia, it is most often judged on the effective fertility of soils on crop yields, the content of readily hydrolyzable and mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, as well as certain types of microelements, etc
Our research has showed that the land-improving tillage and ridged plowing are both important techniques to improve the physical state of the drained mineral soils having poor filtration properties—and effective accelerators for microbiological activities in the soil, that accelerate predominantly aerobic soil microorganisms activities
Summary
Preservation and reproduction of soil fertility is a global problem, since it has a direct bearing on food security for the whole world. In the humid zone of Russia, it is most often judged on the effective fertility of soils on crop yields, the content of readily hydrolyzable and mineral nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, as well as certain types of microelements, etc. In this connection, the role of agrophysical and biological factors in the management of soil processes is to a much lesser extent. Objective diagnosis of the agrophysical state of soils should be supplemented with biological criteria of soil fertility (Goncharov et al, 2008; Moiseev, 2011; Rabinovich, 1991; Rabinovich & Mitrofanov 2016; Wilson et al, 2013)
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