Agronomic Traits and Quality Screening of Superior <i>Camellia oleifera</i> in Tropical Areas

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In order to breed high-yield and high-quality  Camellia oleifera  varieties, promote the quality upgrade of Hainan camellia tea oil. In this study, through the investigation and analysis of different production areas of  Camellia oleifera  in Hainan, excellent single plants were selected from the main areas of Camellia oleifera planted in Hainan, focusing on the main botanical traits, main fruit traits, and differences in economic traits, tea oil fatty acid composition and content, the correlation between fatty acids and other aspects are analyzed specifically for the agronomic traits and tea oil quality of excellent individual plants. The results showed that the botanical characteristics are as follows: tree height is between 1.4 m and 8.4 m, crown width is between 1.1 × 1.0 and 8.0 × 7.3 m, the initial flowering period is generally from late October to early November, and the flowers are all white. The fruit maturity period is also between mid-October to early November, etc.; the fruit traits show that the horizontal diameter of the fruit is 38.67 ~ 55.32 mm, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is 27.64 ~ 40.71 mm, and the fruit shape is peach-shaped or orange-shaped. Green or blue-brown, etc.; all indicators of economic traits are significantly different ( p <0.01), mainly due to the differences in the agronomic traits of the excellent trees, resulting in different degrees of the economic traits of the fruits, and also affecting the yield and the quality of the excellent trees. The study found that the superior tree traits in Wuzhishan area are superior to other areas, and the oleic acid content and quality of tea oil in Ding'an Shitang area are higher than other areas. The selected excellent single plant has better agronomic traits, high fruit yield, high oil content and strong disease resistance. This study specifically analyzed and evaluated the excellent individual plants in different producing areas of  Camellia oleifera  in Hainan, and revealed the differences in agronomic traits and tea oil quality in different areas of  Camellia oleifera , and provided a reference for the breeding work of  Camellia oleifera  in Hainan.