Agronomic Performance of the Alternative Cereal Species in the Highest Plain of Turkey

Ali Öztürk,Murat Aydin,Selçuk Kodaz,Sevnur Akkuş Eki̇nci̇

doi:10.15832/ankutbd.630466

Abstract

Due to their important nutrition and health potential, the interest in einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) and emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank) wheat, as well as naked barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) species is increasing. The study examined the agricultural properties related to three einkorn wheats, three emmer wheats and two naked barleys, one bread wheat and one hulled barley in spring sowing under irrigated and rain-fed conditions. Depending on irrigated and rain-fed agriculture conditions, the vegetative period of genotypes varied between 59.3-71.7 and 58.2-71.0 days, grain filling period varied between 29.8-38.0 and 26.7-33.8 days, plant height varied between 79.6-105.2 and 79.1-99.0 cm, the number of spike per square-meter varied between 533.3-682.5 and 457.5-573.3, the number of grains per spike varied between 16.1-22.6 and 13.6-20.0, the 1000-kernel weight varied between 31.2-54.6 g and 28.0-47.6 g, the grain yield varied between 2410-4099 kg ha-1 and 1716-2660 kg ha-1, and the crude protein content varied between 10.1-13.5% and 10.4-14.8%, respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained from Tokak 157/37 barley cultivar, while the highest crude protein contents were obtained from einkorn genotypes. The number of spike per square-meter, the number of grains per spike, the 1000 kernel weight and the grain yield decreased by 14.6%, 9.4%, 8.7%, and 26.2% respectively, while the crude protein content increased by 8.2% under rain-fed agriculture conditions. It was determined that Özen and Yalın barley varieties could not be an alternative to Tokak 157/37 barley cultivar due to low grain yield and protein content. Einkorn cv. Çatalyazı and emmer wheat cv. Çağlayan in irrigated conditions, and all the einkorn and emmer genotypes in rain-fed conditions were superior to Kırik wheat genotype in terms of grain yield. The genotypes of the einkorn had a significantly higher grain protein content compared to the Kırik and emmer genotypes. It is possible to note that Çatalyazı and Çağlayan genotypes are promising cereals in Erzurum region

Highlights

This study provides important data about the agricultural potential of einkorn wheat, emmer wheat and naked barley genotypes which were grown in spring under irrigated and rain-fed agriculture conditions
The highest grain yield was obtained from Tokak 157/37 barley cultivar and the highest protein ratio from einkorn genotypes
When the average of genotypes was taken into consideration, it is possible to state that the number of spike per square-meter, grain number per spike, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield decreased by 14.6%, 9.4%, 8.7% and 26.2%, respectively in rain-fed condition compared to irrigated condition while crude protein content increased by 8.2%

Summary

Introduction

Einkorn populations in Kastamonu, Karabük, Samsun and Bilecik provinces of Turkey have been cultivated, while emmer populations in Kars, Ardahan and Kayseri have generally been produced in high altitude and barren-unproductive areas They are mainly utilized for cracked wheat, bread, pasta, noodles, tarhana soup and animal feed. Known as ancient wheat species, have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years These wheats are defined as functional foods with significant potential for human nutrition and health because of their high protein, fiber, mineral, antioxidant and carotenoid values (Borghi et al 1996; Brandolini et al 2008; Chatzav et al 2010; Lachman et al 2012 a, b). The interest in naked barley that is a rich source of essential vitamins, minerals and beta-glucan soluble fiber has increased as it is highly recommended as a suitable nutritional option for people with diabetes and cholesterol problems (Kinner et al 2011; Yan et al 2016; Sterna et al 2017)

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Conclusion