Abstract
In Indonesia, soybean is mostly cultivated in lowland following the yearly planting pattern of paddy – paddy – soybean under zero-tillage condition. The research aim was to evaluate the agronomic performance of several soybean genotypes in lowland paddy fields under zero-tillage condition. A total of 12 soybean genotypes, including the check varieties of Wilis and Anjasmoro, were evaluated in lowland after rice planting in three locations (Klaten, Pasuruan, and Tabanan). A randomized block design with four replications was used in each location. The soybean yield is a complex character which determined by interrelated agronomic characters. The averages seed yield in Klaten, Pasuruan, and Tabanan were 2.97 t/ha, 3.02 t/ha, and 2.68 t/ha, respectively. Two genotypes produced equal yield with Anjasmoro, i.e. AT12-1062 (3.01 t/ha) and AT12-1037 (3.0 t/ha). Anjasmoro variety had the highest 100 seed weight (15.40 g), and only AT12-1035 showed the equal seed weight. The average days to maturity of 12 genotypes was 83 days. In addition to Anjasmoro variety, soybean genotypes AT12-1062 and AT12-1037 (medium maturity and medium seed size) as the new findings form this study were potential to be developed at lowland paddy fields under zero-tillage condition. The availability of the soybean genotypes adaptive to lowland paddy field under zero tillage condition is important to optimize the soybean productivity as well as the income of farmers in Indonesia.
Highlights
In Indonesia, soybeans are mostly cultivated in lowland, according to a year planting pattern of paddy – paddy – soybean
The combined analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for yield and agronomic characters showed that environment was significant for all characters studied, whereas genotype was significant for all characters except for seed yield
The genotype by environment interaction (GEI) effect for seed yield was not significant, it means that genotypes have the same response to the variation of environmental conditions and the yield performance of the genotypes do not vary in three locations
Summary
In Indonesia, soybeans are mostly cultivated in lowland, according to a year planting pattern of paddy – paddy – soybean. Soybean in the paddy fields after the rice planting is usually cultivated in the second dry season and it has become the largest soybean area in Indonesia. Research on Anjasmoro variety which treated by tillage and zero-tillage condition did not obtain the significant yield (Tarigan, 2015). The response of soybean variety of Wilis to three ways of soil processing (only processed around the planting hole, processed once, and processed twice) showed a non-significant yield (Raintung, 2010). Hosseini et al (2016) reported a significant increase in yield of soybean planted in a no-tillage system compared to a conventional tillage system. Zero-tillage farming or minimum tillage is widely used in USA (Mathew et al, 2012; Islam & Reeder, 2014)
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