Agronomic performance of high oleic, low linolenic soybean in Tennessee

Abstract

AbstractSoybean oil hydrogenation alters the linolenic acid molecule to prevent the oil from becoming rancid, however, health reports have indicated trans‐fat caused by hydrogenation, is not generally regarded as safe. Typical soybeans contain approximately 80 g kg−1 to 120 g kg−1 linolenic acid and 240 g kg−1 of oleic acid. In an effort to accommodate the need for high‐quality oil, the United Soybean Board introduced an industry standard for a high oleic acid greater than 750 g kg−1 and linolenic acid less than 30 g kg−1 oil. By combing mutations in the soybean plant at four loci, FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B, oleate desaturase genes and FAD3A and FAD3C, linoleate desaturase genes, and seed oil will not require hydrogenation to prevent oxidation and produce high‐quality oil. In 2017 and 2018, a study comparing four near‐isogenic lines across multiple Tennessee locations was performed to identify agronomic traits associated with mutations in FAD3A and FAD3C loci, while holding FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B constant in the mutant (high oleic) state. Soybean lines were assessed for yield and oil quality based on mutations at FAD2‐1 and FAD3 loci. Variations of wild‐type and mutant genotypes were compared at FAD3A and FAD3C loci. Analysis using a generalized linear mixed model in SAS 9.4, indicated no yield drag or other negative agronomic traits associated with the high oleic and low linolenic acid genotype. All four mutations of fad2‐1A, fad2‐1B, fad3A, and fad3C were determined as necessary to produce a soybean with the new industry standard (>750 g kg−1 oleic and <30 g kg−1 linolenic acid) in a maturity group‐IV‐Late cultivar for Tennessee growers.