Abstract
ABSTRACTIn no-tillage systems, straw coverage on soil surface is the key to success, and the choice of crops for rotation is crucial to achieve the sustainability and quality that conservation agriculture requires. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of the common bean cultivar IAC Formoso sown in succession to three straw mulch systems (corn alone, corn/Urochloa ruziziensisintercrop and U. ruziziensisalone) and topdress nitrogen rates (0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha-1N), at the four-leaf stage, three years after the implementation of no-tillage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block split plot design, with three replications. Common bean highest yields were achieved in succession to U. ruziziensisalone and intercropped with corn. The corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop provided both straw and seed production, allowing for quality no-tillage. Topdressed nitrogen influenced the common bean yield when in succession to corn alone, U. ruziziensisalone and corn/U. ruziziensisintercrop in no-tillage.
Highlights
IntroductionThe success of no-tillage systems (NTS) relies on the production and management of straw coverage on the soil surface, especially in warmer regions such as the Midwest, North and Northeast of the State of São Paulo and other regions of southeastern Brazil, where high temperatures combined with moisture provided by large amounts of rainfall in spring-summer accelerate residue decomposition (Torres et al, 2008; Fiorentin et al, 2011)
The success of no-tillage systems (NTS) relies on the production and management of straw coverage on the soil surface, especially in warmer regions such as the Midwest, North and Northeast of the State of São Paulo and other regions of southeastern Brazil, where high temperatures combined with moisture provided by large amounts of rainfall in spring-summer accelerate residue decomposition (Torres et al, 2008; Fiorentin et al, 2011).Under these conditions, for the efficient implementation and management of NTS, crop rotation using species with high potential for straw production and high C/N ratio is essential to ensure soil coverage for a longer period
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of straw mulch systems using corn and U. ruziziensis on the agronomic performance of common bean fertilized with topdressing nitrogen, three years after the implementation of the no-tillage system
Summary
The success of no-tillage systems (NTS) relies on the production and management of straw coverage on the soil surface, especially in warmer regions such as the Midwest, North and Northeast of the State of São Paulo and other regions of southeastern Brazil, where high temperatures combined with moisture provided by large amounts of rainfall in spring-summer accelerate residue decomposition (Torres et al, 2008; Fiorentin et al, 2011). Under these conditions, for the efficient implementation and management of NTS, crop rotation using species with high potential for straw production and high C/N ratio is essential to ensure soil coverage for a longer period. Nitrogen fertilizers have high energy cost for their production and difficult management due to losses by leaching, volatilization and denitrification in the soilplant system, as well as its low use efficiency (Soratto et al, 2006b; Fornasieri Filho et al, 2007; Sant’Ana et al, 2011)
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