Abstract
Abstract The clonal rootstocks allows preservation of mother tree genetic characteristics, such as vigor and produce a fasciculated root system, with an abundant thin roots. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of fifteen clonal genotypes as rootstocks on the agronomic performance of ‘BRS Kampai’ peach, as well as the technical feasibility of own-rooted trees (without rootstock) in a no-irrigated field condictions, in Pelotas-RS, Brazil. Bagged nursery trees were planted at the field in August, 2014, under a randomized block design with four replications of one tree per plot, and evaluations of trunk diameter, trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA), yield efficiency, annual and accumulated fruit yield per tree and per hectare were carried out until 2019. In the adopted experimental conditions, we conclude that ‘Barrier’ (P. persica x P. davidiana), ‘Cadaman’ (P. persica x P. davidiana), G x N.9 (P. persica x P. dulcis), ‘Ishtara’ [(P. cerasifera x P. salicina) x (P. cerasifera x P. persica)] and ‘Santa Rosa’ (P. salicina) do not have potential as a rootstock of ‘BRS Kampai’ peach due irregular bud breaking of scion, small fruits and/or low fruit yield. Clone 15 (P. mume) stands out for increasing fruit weight and maintaining satisfactory fruit yield per tree. ‘Flordaguard’ (P. persica) is the best rootstock tested, which is vigorous, do not present any undesirable agronomic characteristics and induce the highest yields per tree and per hectare, exceeding 50 t ha-1 in accumulated yield. Own-rooted trees of ‘BRS-Kampai’ peach have technical feasibility, as long as pruning is properly carried out.
Highlights
In grafted fruit trees, rootstock is a part of the tree whose purpose is to receive scion bud during nursery tree production
With the development of new peach cultivars for processing in Brazil (RASEIRA et al, 2014), ‘Aldrighi’ and ‘Capdeboscq’ were no longer planted since the 1980s, so its seed availability is restricted to rare nurseries that keep mother trees for seed production (mixtures from canning industry to produce rootstocks (MAYER) et al, 2014a)
Nurseries in Southern Brazil that do not have their own rootstock mother trees blocks, make use of seed mixture from different scion peach cultivars obtained in the canning industry, which increases genetic variability of rootstocks, prevents their standardization and reduces the useful orchards life (MAYER; UENO, 2012; MAYER et al, 2014a; MAYER et al, 2017)
Summary
Rootstock is a part of the tree whose purpose is to receive scion bud during nursery tree production With this successful union, tree will be composed of two distinct genotypes that will coexist for entire life with the advantage that original genetic identity of each genotype remains preserved (DAVIES Jr., 2017). Tree will be composed of two distinct genotypes that will coexist for entire life with the advantage that original genetic identity of each genotype remains preserved (DAVIES Jr., 2017) Since it is a root system of the grafted trees, rootstock must be adapted to live with physical, chemical and biological soil conditions, soil temperature and moisture variations, which are specific characteristics of each fruit producing area. Nurseries in Southern Brazil that do not have their own rootstock mother trees blocks, make use of seed mixture from different scion peach cultivars obtained in the canning industry (residue from peach canning process), which increases genetic variability of rootstocks, prevents their standardization and reduces the useful orchards life (MAYER; UENO, 2012; MAYER et al, 2014a; MAYER et al, 2017)
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