Abstract
The morphoagronomic characterization of 12 genotypes of M. esculenta was performed during the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 crop years. The 12 genotypes were planted in a randomized block design, with four replicates per genotype. Number of tuberous roots per plant, weight of tuberous roots, root yield, total plant weight, harvest index, plant height, height of first branch, number of shoots, stem diameter, number of buds, leaf dry weight and petiole length were evaluated. Genotypes "Camuquem" and "Goiás" were the most productive, and "Amarela" and "Gema de Ovo" were the most divergent. Seventy percent of genetic diversity was due to petiole length (22.86%), root yield (19.20%), weight of tuberous roots (14.89%) and number of buds (13.72%). Overall, the present results indicate a broad genetic basis for the evaluated genotypes, so that such genetic variation benefits the plant breeding for future scenarios Further studies of the evaluated genotypes should be performed under environmental limitations, using biochemical and molecular tools to identify markers for genetic improvement.
Highlights
The genus Manihot belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and includes 98 species
In Brazil, 1.5 million hectares were occupied by cassava plantations, and 23.1 million tons of cassava root were harvested in 2015, with an average yield of 15.2 t ha-1, 35% higher than the global productivity (IBGE 2016)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic divergence of 12 genotypes of M. esculenta based on their morphoagronomic characterization
Summary
The genus Manihot belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and includes 98 species. It is native to the American continent, being distributed from the USA to Argentina (Rogers and Appan 1973). Brazil is considered its main diversity center, Cassava (M. esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrates in tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America, playing an essential part in the food safety of millions of families, especially in developing regions, where it is grown as subsistence crop (Pootakham et al 2014, Silva et al 2014a, Vidal et al 2015, Schmitz et al 2016, Boas et al 2017, Morais et al 2017). In 2014, 268.28 million tons of cassava were produced globally, grown on 23.87 million hectares, with an average yield of 11.24 t ha-1 (FAO 2017). In Brazil, 1.5 million hectares were occupied by cassava plantations, and 23.1 million tons of cassava root were harvested in 2015, with an average yield of 15.2 t ha-1, 35% higher than the global productivity (IBGE 2016)
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