Abstract
The global demands for various grains, including durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.), are expected to increase substantially in the coming years, due to the ever-growing human population’s needs for food, feed, and fuel. Thus, providing consistent or increased durum grain to the world market is one of the priorities for policy-makers, researchers, and farmers. What are the major achievements in agronomic advancement for durum wheat cultivation in recent decades? How might the current cropping systems be improved to increase crop yield and quality and improve resource use efficiencies while minimizing input costs and decreasing negative impact on the environment? Canada is one of the major durum wheat producers in the world, as Canada contributes about 50% to global trade of durum grain. Canada’s research achievements in durum wheat might serve as a guide for advancing the cultivation of the crop in other regions/countries on the planet. This review summarizes the major Canadian research findings in the aspects of durum wheat agronomics during the period 2001 to 2017 years. It highlights the main advancements in seeding and tillage, crop rotation and diversification, and use of pulse-induced microbiomes to improve soil health and feedback mechanisms. The genetic gain and breeding for resistance against abiotic and biotic stresses are discussed. Finally, we identified the main constraints and suggested some near-term research priorities. The research findings highlighted in this review will be of use for other areas on the planet to increase durum wheat productivity, improve soil fertility and health, and enhance long-term sustainability.
Highlights
IntroductionThe global demands for major grains, such as durum wheat, are projected to increase substantially in the coming decades [1], driven by the ever-growing human population’s need for food and fuel [2,3]
The global demands for major grains, such as durum wheat, are projected to increase substantially in the coming decades [1], driven by the ever-growing human population’s need for food and fuel [2,3].Canada is one of the major grain producers in the world
Unlike N fertilizer, the effect of P fertilizer rates and P sources on durum wheat grain yield is rarely significant [101,106,107]; this is because the soils in the conventional cropping areas on the Canadian prairie are normally rich in P, a phenomenon similar to potassium (K) where all soils on the prairie contained K levels mostly in excess of what is considered a critical level for obtaining a yield response [108]
Summary
The global demands for major grains, such as durum wheat, are projected to increase substantially in the coming decades [1], driven by the ever-growing human population’s need for food and fuel [2,3]. With concern of the global food security and Canada’s position of wheat [4].durum. With the concern the the global food security and Canada’s position of producing a sufficient producing sufficient quantity durummany wheat for the world, many questions arose policy-makers, in recent years quantity ofadurum wheat for theofworld, questions arose in recent years among among researchpersonnel, professionals, personnel, grain producers, food processors researchpolicy-makers, professionals, market grainmarket producers, food processors and consumers, and the and consumers, andCanada the general public: Canada might be able to provide consistent or general public: How might be able toHow provide consistent or increased durum wheat production increased durum wheat production to alleviate the pressure of global food security?. Suggest that the research findings summarized will be on of use planet to increase productivity, improve soil productivity, health, and enhance long-term sustainability. For other areas onwheat the planet to increase wheat improve soil health, and enhance long-term sustainability
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