Abstract
Cytological karyotyping of Vicia faba L. varieties, viz., IC-526385, IC-424900, IC-391651, and IC-361499, procured from Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India, revealed disomic (2 n = 12) and asymmetric nature of faba beans. Chromosome structural variations, including total chromatin length (TF %), interestingly noted in V. faba varieties, provided karyological validation of the varietal divergence. An attempt was made here to evaluate clastogenic response of the two commonly used farm insecticides, i.e., malathion and rogor, to select relatively more resistant varieties to these pesticides and to ascertain adequate dose(s) for safe administration of the said insecticides avoiding pollution load in the environment. Root-tips from treated seeds as well as the flower buds from sprayed plants exhibited a wide spectrum of chromosomal abnormalities, such as laggards, micronuclei, disturbed phases, bridges, fragments, and stickiness in a dose-dependent manner. Rogor was more genotoxic than malathion in all cases. Interestingly, however, lower dose (0.1%) of malathion registered a stimulatory effect on the growth of Vicia faba plants. Based on this study, V. faba IC-526385 (most resistant) cultivar and malathion (less clastogenic) insecticide can be recommended for use in farming.
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