Abstract
This study estimates the impacts of adopting agroforestry and other soil conservation technologies (SCTs) on agricultural production in Pakistan. Using the stratified random sampling technique, 428 farmers were interviewed through well-designed questionnaires. The treatment effects model is used to accommodate the self-selective nature of technology adoption. It is found that agroforestry and chemical fertilizer significantly increase land and total factor productivity (TFP). However, the average treatment effect on adopters of agroforestry technology is slightly negative due to the negative self-selection effect. It can be concluded that these SCTs can be characterized as preventive actions taken by the farmers facing adverse conditions. Using the same estimation technique, SCT’s impacts were analyzed on land and labor productivity. Its results are comparable with those of TFP results, conforming that these SCTs primarily increase land productivity.
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