Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of broccoli agroecosystem in Batu caused by a longterm of intensive farming and of synthetic chemical exposure using some biotic indices. Evaluation covered on quality of habitat, biodiversity, and environmental services in three organic and intensive farm, each Batu, Bumiaji, and Junrejo Regencies, using five repetitions in each location. Habitat quality was evaluated by measuring the soil organic matter, water irrigation and soil suspension pH, electric conductivity, and water turbidity in situ . Biodiversity quality was evaluated by determining the score of Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) and Margalef’s Richness Index (R) soil fauna using handsorting within the area of l m 2 , as well as refugial vegetation. Environmental service quality was evaluated by scoring using the Ecosystem Integrated Assessment (EIA). The data were analyzed statistically using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that soil organic matter and pH were obviously higher, while the irrigation water was less turbid in organic farming rather than the intensive one. Furthermore, the H’ and R indices proved that biodiversity quality in organic farming field was higher (H’ score 1.4-1.9 and R 3.5-4.0) comparing to those of intensive farming (H’ score 0.6-0.9 and R 1.2-1.6). Whereas, the ecosystem service based on EIA index revealed that the organic agroecosystem showed a fair to good quality with the score 3.0-4.3. It was higher than those of intensive farming which was classified as poor to fair with the score 1.7-2.8. Therefore, the organic broccoli agroecosystem in Batu provided a better habitat for biodiversity conservation and greater the environmental service as a sustainable farming system. Key words : Agroecosystem, Biodiversity, Ecological services, Intensive, Organic
Highlights
In order to increase the agricultural productivity, farmers in Indonesia generally practiced agricultural intensification which often leads to a decrease in the environmental quality and health [3]
This study aims to evaluate the broccoli farming ecosystem in Batu City due to exposure of synthetic chemical residues and compare it with organic farming ecosystems
Habitat of broccoli farming were evaluated by measuring in situ soil organic matter, pH and water conductivity and soil suspension, and turbidity of irrigation water
Summary
In order to increase the agricultural productivity, farmers in Indonesia generally practiced agricultural intensification which often leads to a decrease in the environmental quality and health [3]. This is due to physical and chemical damage to the environment and the decline of biodiversity. To avoid the unsustainability and negative impacts of ecosystem intensification management, organic farming becomes one of the solutions of sustainable agriculture systems. Organic farming management provides many benefits by improving the quality of land biodiversities such as animal, productivity, and soil carbon uptake so that the health of the land maintained [25]. The application of organic agriculture has many difficulity, such as pesticide residue contamination at irrigation water, lower productivity, and susceptible to attack of plant disturbing organism [23]
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