AGROECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF LEGUMES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation in Ukraine is considered. In particular, the sown areas of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of common field crops in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is calculated. A comparison is made for these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with by-products of leguminous crops at their average yield. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Calculated symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will more contribute to the stabilization of the agroecological state of the soil. It is proved that an increase in the areas of leguminous crops in the intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will have a positive effect on the agroecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products, which can be buried in the soil – 3.5 t/ha. Also, the by-products of beans provide the input into the soil of all mineral phosphorus – 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium – 16.5 kg/ha. By-products allow to accumulate more mineral nitrogen in the soil with by-products – 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops – 120 kg/ha.