Abstract
ABSTRACT Umbu-caja (Spondias sp.) is a fruit tree native to the Northeast region of Brazil, which is grown because of its highly valuable fruits for fruit processing industries. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of agrochemical applications and cutting types on the rooting and development of Spondias sp. plantlets. The experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, in Pacajus, CE, Brazil. A randomize block experimental design was used, with five treatments - control (T1); cuttings with two lesions at the base (CL) + rooting gel (RG) (Sela Gel®) (T2); CL + rooting fertilizer (RF) (Radimax®) (T3); cuttings with two transversal cross sections at the base (CS) + RG (T4); and CS + RF (T5). The environments (blocks) used were: full sun; 100% shade ceiling; 50% shade walls and ceiling; and 50% shade ceiling. The plots consisted of eight cuttings, totaling 160 cuttings. Propagules were taken from Spondias sp. plants to make woody cuttings with length of 25 cm, diameter of 29.7 mm, and mean bud per cutting of 8.7. All cuttings were immediately treated with a 0.05% sodium hypochlorite solution for four minutes before making the lesions and transversal cross sections and applying the treatments. The RG was applied by brushstroke, and the RF was applied by immersion in an aqueous solution of 10 mL L-1 for 10 minutes. The cuttings were planted into 6-liter black plastic pots filled with a pasteurized mixture of vermiculite, coconut husk powder, ground leaf fibers of Copernicia prunifera, and carbonized rice husk (2:1:1:1; v v-1). The treatments and blocks significantly affected the rooting and development of cuttings. The treatment with CS and application of the RG (T4) promoted root callus formation, rooting, and vigorous development of plantlets, whereas the RF (T3 and T5) failed to promote root formation.
Highlights
Umbu-caja (Spondias sp.) is a fruit tree of the Anacardiaceae family (MITCHELL; DALY, 2015)
According to Giacometti (1993), it is a hybrid between the umbu tree (S. tuberosa Arruda) and the caja tree (S. mombin L.); Silva Júnior et al (2004) called it umbu-caja and indicated that it is a hybrid between these species
Spondias sp. trees are distributed in backyards in urban and rural areas of the Northeast region of Brazil; There are centenary, productive plants producing fruits for human and animal consumption
Summary
Umbu-caja (Spondias sp.) is a fruit tree of the Anacardiaceae family (MITCHELL; DALY, 2015). It is a xerophyte species probably native to the Brazilian Semiarid region. According to Giacometti (1993), it is a hybrid between the umbu tree (S. tuberosa Arruda) and the caja tree (S. mombin L.); Silva Júnior et al (2004) called it umbu-caja and indicated that it is a hybrid between these species. Almeida, Carvalho and Guerra (2007) examined the cariology and in situ genomic hybridization and concluded that umbu-caja is not a hybrid; Machado and Carvalho (2015) performed molecular, morphometric, morphological, and temporal divergence investigations and concluded that the plant has a distinct lineage and named it Spondias bahiensis sp. The harvesting is performed by picking the fruits from trees in natural environments or grown without any input or agricultural practice
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