Agrobiological features of promising grape varieties of DSOSViO selection in the changing climatic conditions of the South of Russia

Abstract

Relevance. Currently, there is an increased need to replenish the grape assortment with adaptive, valuable agrobiological and technological properties, competitively capable varieties and clones, the introduction of which into production will ensure an increase in the profitability of the grape-growing industry.Methods. In the ampelographic collection of DSOSViO in 2012–2018, the study of breeding and introduced grape varieties was carried out: table varieties — Bulatovsky, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Eldar, Suvenir DSOSViO, Yantar Dagestansky, Leki, Kishmish Derbentsky, Zarya Derbenta, Agadai (control), Moldova (control); technical varieties — Fioletta, Slava Derbenta, Saperavi (control). Grape culture is root-related, irrigated, not covered. The shape of the bushes is high-rammed (120 cm), double-shouldered cordon Kazenava. Planting scheme of grape varieties was 3.5 × 2.0 m.Results. Studies have found that grape varieties have high quality and productivity indicators: the fertility coefficient is 1.02–1.57, the yield from the bush is 10.4–16.5 kg. Mechanical composition and chemical properties of bunches and berries in the studied grape varieties: the juice content in the berries is low — Agadai (control); medium — Yantar Dagestansky, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Leki, Eldar, Souvenir DSOSViO, Moldova; high — Fioletta, Saperavi (control), Slava Derbenta. The attachment of berries to the peduncle is very strong in table grape varieties and Agadai variety (control). Most of the DSOSViO grape varieties proved to be quite resistant to pests and major fungal diseases. The DSOSViO grape varieties exhibit high adaptability in the conditions of the South of Dagestan, which allows to achieve high yields and product quality in the changing climatic conditions of the region. Varieties of the station’s table breeding direction can take a worthy place in the pipeline of fresh grapes intake and consumption in the period July — October, and red varieties of the technical direction are promising for obtaining high-quality terroir wines.