Agrobiological characteristics of ancient and newest varieties of durum wheat from Italy in the conditions of the Southern Dagestan coastal zone

Abstract

In 2018-2020, at the Dagestan Experimental Station (it is a branch of All-Russian Institute of Plant) under irrigation conditions during winter sowing were studied 350 modern and ancient varieties of durum wheat from Italy in accordance to the most important economically valuable characteristics. The varieties Maristella, Trentino, Obelix, Messapia, Dorato, VZ 567 with a productivity of more than 700 g/m2, Maristella, gerardo VZ-466, Messapia, Obelix with an early heading period and a yield of more than 690 g/m2 have been identified. Varieties are recommended as sources of short stature (less than 85 cm) and resistance to lodging (9 points) k-58224 and Synilo, respectively. Large grains (weight of 1000 pieces more than 55.0 g) were possessed by varieties k-26245, k-58224, k-21813 and k-53007. Varieties gerardo VZ-466, Obelix along with high productivity showed high field resistance to all studied diseases (powdery mildew, brown and yellow rust) and to lodging. The optimal combination of breeding and valuable traits was found in the gerardo VZ-466, Obelix, Dorato varieties.