Agrobiological and biochemical aspects of studying of the sweet cherry scion/stock combinations

Abstract

Since 2008, at the demonstration site of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (ARHIBAN) studies have been carried out to identify sweet cherry scion/stock combinations having optimal productivity and durability. The planting scheme was 5×3 m. There were studied growth and productivity of 24 scion/stock combinations of trees. Studies included the most winter-hardy varieties and stocks, bred in a severe climate. It is established that the development, productivity and durability of grafted trees are influenced by the variety, shape of the stock and their interaction. Amplification of linear and radial growth on the plants is marked on stocks VZ-13, Moskovia and Colt, reduction of height on 20-40 % is marked on stock V-5-88, VSL-2 and Izmaylovskiy. Optimal scion/stock combinations with productivity of 15-22 kg per tree were revealed: Tyutchevka/Izmaylovskiy and Tyutchevka/AVCh-2; Fatezh/Izmaylovskiy and Fatezh/VZ13; Chervashnaya/Izmaylovskiy. Cultivation of them has provided an increase of productivity till 10-15 t/ha. In the process of research, on the complex of economic and valuable features, it was found that the Izmailovsky stock (ARHIBAN breeding) is the most promising and versatile stock for cherry cultivation in the Moscow region. As a result of biochemical researches in the laboratory of biochemistry and physiology of ARHIBAN it is established, that the stock influenced on synthesis of metabolites and leaf morphology. Antioxidant activity of leaves and accumulation of organic acids in leaves were higher at scion/ stock combinations of all sweet cherry varieties with use the stocks Moskovia, Izmaylovskiy, AVCh-2. Stably low parameters were observed in sweet cherry plants grafted on stocks V-5-88, Colt, VSL-2.