Abstract
BackgroundSoybean mosaic virus (SMV), a Potyvirus, is the most prevalent viral pathogen of soybean that causes severe yield and seed quality reductions in world soybean production. So far, multiple resistance loci for different SMV strains have been fine-mapped while the candidate genes’ functions need to be verified. However, identification of the resistance or susceptibility genes via stable genetic transformation is time-consuming and labor-intensive, which hinders further exploration of these genes’ functions in soybean. Thus we tried to explore a rapid and efficient method for verification of SMV-related target gene function in soybean.ResultsAn Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A. rhizogenes) induced soybean hairy roots versus Soybean mosaic virus (ARISHR-SMV) pathosystem was established. The procedure is characterized with that (1) the soybean hairy roots that can be infected by SMV are induced by A. rhizogenes K599 using soybean cotyledons as explants, (2) the gene to be examined for its function, which may be the endogenous SMV-resistance or -susceptible gene or exogenous SMV-related gene, is transformed into soybean calluses mediated by A. rhizogenes, (3) the transformed calluses on explants further inoculated with the purified tester-SMV virions using pricking method under aseptic conditions, and (4) the measurement of the SMV content in positive hairy roots for evaluating the SMV-related target gene function. The procedure takes about 30 days for one cycle. Utilizing the established procedure, the soybean hairy roots induced by A. rhizogenes was efficiently infected by multiple different SMV strains, the SMV infectivity in soybean hairy roots can be retained at least twice successive transfer cultures and Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) P19 promoting and SMV CP suppressing SMV infection in soybean hairy roots was demonstrated, respectively. This procedure can also be used for identification of resistance to SMV strains for soybean germplasms.ConclusionThe ARISHR-SMV is an efficient pathosystem that allows a quick and convenient identification of SMV-related target gene function in soybean.
Highlights
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a Potyvirus, is the most prevalent viral pathogen of soybean that causes severe yield and seed quality reductions in world soybean production
To establish the ARISHR-SMV pathosystem, the soybean calluses induced by A. rhizogenes K599 on soybean cotyledon explants are used for SMV inoculation, while the purified SMV strain virions are used as tester-inoculum
This revealed that SMV was present at high concentrations in the hairy roots grown from these calluses inoculated with SC15, even the viral content levels in soybean hairy roots are less than those in leaves (Fig. 2c)
Summary
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a Potyvirus, is the most prevalent viral pathogen of soybean that causes severe yield and seed quality reductions in world soybean production. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) disease is the major threat in all soybean-production areas in the world, especially in China, and often leads. Seven SMV strains (G1–G7) isolated from germplasm collections were reported in the United States based on the responses to a set of eight differential soybean genotypes [6]. In China, more than 4500 country-wide SMV isolates were collected and grouped into twenty-two strains based on their responses to ten differential soybean varieties at the National Center for Soybean Improvement [9,10,11,12,13,14]
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