Agro Residues of Dendranthema x grandiflorum as Raw Material for a Potential Larvicidal Product

Abstract

Residues of the chrysanthemum agroindustry from different cultivars of Dendranthema x grandiflorum are sold in the Vitoria (Espirito Santo State, Brazil) marketplaces. Because of the large of varieties of this hybrid species, this study aimed to confirm the chemical similarity of the residual material collected in one year at the commercial places in neighborhoods of the city (Vitoria) for using it as an homogenous raw material to prepare larvicidal products. Dichloromethane and methanol extracts were produced from 27 samples. Medium infrared (MIR) spectra were obtained in triplicate for the 54 extracts. MIR data were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA), which divided the samples into two groups (GA1 and GA2) for dichloromethane extracts and into four groups (GB1, GB2, GB3 and GB4) for methanol extracts. The methanol extracts, we could see clear separation among the groups based on their classes of substances. The dichloromethane ones, it was possible to identify separation between GA1 and GA2 by classes of triterpene esters and diacylglycerols based on their mass peak intensities. Mixtures obtained from dichloromethane extracts (FA) and methanol extracts (FB) were assayed on Aedes aegypti larvae at the concentration 15 ppm. FB mixtures no larval mortality was observed, but FA mixtures were 100% active, possibly by the presence of fatty acids, triterpenes, steroids and alkamides in the samples of this group. These results show that residues of different varieties of the hybrid Dendranthema x grandiflorum generate chemically similar extracts, particularly for the lipophilic ones (FA), which can be used as a homogeneous raw material to obtain biologically active products, notably larvicides products.