Abstract
Ancient fruit trees, grape vines, traditional crop and garden cultivars have been inventoried in Pollino National Park by adopting a spatial sampling grid which covers 23 different municipalities (~1500 Km2) and 190 surveyed sites. Each site is a circle with a visible radius of 200 - 250 m. The spatial analysis of the diversity of plant genetic resources has been conducted with pre-fixed landscape units (size: 4 Km × 4 Km). Overall, 49 different woody long cycle (455 ancient cultivars) and 53 short cycle species (102 ancient cultivars) have been scored. Long cycle species exhibit higher cultivar richness than short cycle species. The analysis has recognized that pre-Columbian indigenous cultivars had not been displaced by the American species introduced after the 16th century. In addition, it is confirmed that small-scale poly-production, under conditions of spatial niche variation, is associated to high species and cultivar richness. The mapped realized niche, for both pre- and post-Columbian genetic resources, includes the actual genetic reserve suitable for in situ conservation of plant agro-biodiversity. Agro-biodiversity models, drivers of genetic erosion, and realistic responses to genetic erosion are outlined.
Highlights
Integrating spatial analysis methods [1] [2] and team-work into community based approaches [3] is basic for implementing the in situ conservation of plant genetic resources
This paper reports the spatial analysis of the ancient cultivars of Pollino National Park in situ regenerated
The analysis focuses on: 1) Species richness, cultivar richness, cultivar vulnerability; 2) Spatial pattern of biodiversity; 3) Historical displacement effects; 4) Genetic reserve delineation for genetic resource management and planning
Summary
Integrating spatial analysis methods [1] [2] and team-work into community based approaches [3] is basic for implementing the in situ conservation of plant genetic resources. (2014) Agro-Biodiversity Spatial Assessment and Genetic Reserve Delineation for the Pollino National Park (Italy). Cerbino positively affect forward-looking anticipatory management plans for landscapes of the European protected areas bearing high richness of species and cultivars within species. Overall, ~338,000 Km2 of the European agricultural agro-ecosystems (except humid areas, prairies and forested land-cover) are within the boundaries of the protected areas. This type of overlapping accounts for ~97,000 Km2 and ~45,000 Km2 in North America and Oceania respectively. Includes about ~60,000 Km2 of high natural value agro-ecosystems [4] [5]. The European landscape context is consistent with the principle of managing protected areas taking into account both domesticated and wild genetic resources
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