Agriculture and Environment Sustainability through Interaction of Microbiology with Soil Chemical Nature

Abstract

Soil is an unsolidified entity in which microbes are diverse, having mutualistic, antagonistic, synergistic relationships with plants and provides a base for living. The synthetic inputs (fertilizers and pesticides) and anthropogenic practices aimed at agricultural production dramatically enhance the soil chemical reactions. Inorganic chemical reactions that occur in soil pollute the environment after entering into four major environmental compartments including water and air. Presence of radioactive gases in the atmosphere may cause significant changes in the earth's environment, including changes in precipitation and temperature along with increase in the regional and global runoff that causes ecosystem degradation and human health related issues through acid rain. It is a burning topic in today’s context since it is vital to conserve the ecosystem in a sustainable manner and as a result it decides whether global food production is increasing or decreasing. Management of these chemical processes by different methods is essential which could be a viable choice for the reduction of environmental emissions and improving growth and yield attributes of agricultural commodities. Among all the strategies, microbial adaptation in synthesizing reactions is crucial as it reduces ecosystem effects and increases the global food production for the growing population.