Abstract
The desire to create sustainable development through research birthed this study. Over time, several authors have focused on the utilization of various chemical particulates as reinforcement constituents for metallic matric composites (MMCs) and aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs), which has thus far yielded positive outcomes for achieving the chemical, mechanical, microstructural, thermal, corrosion, and wear property improvement of various reinforced composites. However, this study focused on the search for the residing potentials in alternative materials that can be used as reinforcement particulates in place of the commonly used graphite, silicon nitride, titanium nitride, zirconium, and the likes. This study literarily revealed, via several reviews of literature, that the search for less expensive and easily procured materials with a silicon oxide and magnesium oxide chemical content instigated the utilization of materials from agricultural waste (agro-waste). According to the reviewed literature, some of the waste materials from agriculture that have been found to be useful for the particulate reinforcement of composites are groundnut shell, coconut shell, rice husk, breadfruit seed hull ash, aloe vera, bean pod ash, cow horn, and so on. It was discovered that processed agro-wastes in the form of powdery particulates have demonstrated great reinforcing abilities, as recorded in literature. In addition, they enhanced the mechanical properties of the various composites developed in comparison to the as-cast materials.
Highlights
In the contemporary world of engineering, various materials, amongst many others like mild steel, aluminum, cast iron, copper, stainless steel, and galvanized metals, have been greatly utilized in several applications [1]
Alaneme et al [25] reported on an experiment carried out on the study of the fracture, mechanical, and microstructural properties of silicon carbide and groundnut shell ash particle reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs)
Alaneme and Olubambi [26] studied the wear and corrosion behavior of an Al–Mg–Si alloy matrix as a hybrid composite reinforced with alumina and rice husk ash particulate
Summary
In the contemporary world of engineering, various materials, amongst many others like mild steel, aluminum, cast iron, copper, stainless steel, and galvanized metals, have been greatly utilized in several applications [1]. Upon the consideration of these factors as very germane requirements for specific use in different engineering applications over the years, some of the materials have been found to be deficient in certain areas, due to their shortcomings, such as poor ductility, weak strength, low thermal conductivity, and poor machinability [7]. These limitations have been a major challenge in the engineering sector, owing to Fibers 2019, 7, 33; doi:10.3390/fib7040033 www.mdpi.com/journal/fibers. The advent of the importance of agricultural waste in particulate form as a reinforcement for metallic matrix composites is not just of added advantage to our manufacturing industries because of its availability and low cost, but it reduces the rate of environmental pollution, by converting such waste from agro-processes into useful raw materials for engineering purposes [21]
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