Agricultural Reform 1921-1922 in Kyrgyzstan

Abstract

The land and water reform of 1921-1922 is analyzed. held in the North of Kyrgyzstan. The decisions taken by the Bolshevik Party, the goals and objectives of the reform are noted. The main ideas for the reform were laid down in the decree “On the socialization of land”. It is noted that before the revolution of 1917, the vast majority of rural residents were the nomadic Kyrgyz population, they were approximately over 80% of the 160 thousand peasant farms. The beginning of the reform is considered to be 1921, when the accounting of land allotments, water sources, and agricultural implements began. As a result of the reform, 6,057 kulak and most prosperous households were evicted in the northern part of Kyrgyzstan, and 5,970 poor families were placed on the liberated lands. The implementation of the reform took place in difficult conditions, manaps and Russian kulaks opposed the reform. As a result of the land and water reform, the process of settling of nomads accelerated; by 1927, 62% of Kyrgyz households switched to a settled way of life. As a result of the liquidation of the bai-manaps as a class, in 1929, out of 190 thousand Kyrgyz households, 3.5 thousand considered kulaks were sent into exile outside the Republic.