Abstract
Oasis landscape change and its pattern dynamics are considered one of the vital research areas on global land use and landscape change in arid regions. An agricultural oasis is the main site of food security and ecosystem services in arid areas. Recently, the dramatic exploitation of agricultural oases has affected oasis stability, inducing some ecological and environmental issues such as water shortage and land degradation. In this study, the Qira oasis on the southern margin of Tarim Basin, Northwest China, was selected as a study area to examine the spatiotemporal changes in an agricultural oasis and the influence on oasis landscape pattern. Based on the integration of Thematic Mapper, Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus, and GF-1 images, the agricultural Qira oasis has rapidly increased, with annual change rates of −0.3%, 1.6%, 3.7%, and 1.5% during 1970–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2013, and 2013–2016, respectively. With the agricultural oasis expansion, the agricultural land has increased from 91.10 km2 in 1970 to 105.04 km2 in 2016. The percentage of farmland area has increased by 15.3% in 2016 compared with that in 1970. The natural vegetation is decreasing owing to the reclamation of desert–oasis ecotone. The oasis landscape change and pattern are mainly affected by agricultural expansion under water-saving technological utilization, land use policy, and regional economic development demand. The expansion of agricultural oasis is alarming due to human overexploitation. Thus, the government should adjust the layout of agricultural development and pay considerable attention to the oasis environment sustainability. This study can provide a valuable reference on the impact of climate change and human activities on a landscape.
Highlights
The landscape is shaped by a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors [1,2]
Given the human activities and climate change, the size and scale of the Qira oasis is highly dynamic under agricultural oasis expansion
The Qira oasis on the southern margin of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China was selected as a study area to examine the spatiotemporal change of agricultural oasis and determine its influence on oasis landscape pattern based on TM, ETM+, and GF-1 images
Summary
Landscape change and its dynamics are one of the major research areas in global environmental variation and landscape ecology [3,4,5,6,7]. In arid or semiarid regions, the oasis as a unique landscape coexists with deserts like the Gobi, allowing vegetation to flourish and humans to thrive due to the presence of runoff, spring water, and groundwater [9,10,11]. The oasis is the basis of human settlement and economic development; it supports more than 95% of the population and more than 90% of social wealth, with only 5–6% of the land surface in arid and semiarid regions of China [6,12]. Research on oasis change or dynamics has become a key topic for sustainability [10,13]
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