AGRICULTURAL INFLUENCE FACTORS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL STATE OF THE LOW-PROTECTED FOREST STRIPS OF THE RIGHT-BANK FOREST STEPPE

Abstract

Today, the current state of field protection forest plantations is practically unknown. This is due to the fact that their inventory has not been carried out since the mid-70s of the twentieth century. There are data indicating the presence of 0.43-0.44 million hectares of field protection plantations in Ukraine. About 13 million hectares of agricultural land are under the protection of this area of field protection forest strips, which is only 30% of the total area of such land in Ukraine. Taking into account roadside, farm, watershed forest strips, forest areas adjacent to fields, steppe glades with trees, the area of agrolandscape protection increases to 40% of their total number. Today, field protection forest cover in the agro-landscapes of Ukraine is 1.5%, while the scientifically-based coverage is 3.0-3.5%. Therefore, along with the creation of new forest strips, an important task is the inventory, care, reconstruction and preservation of the existing field protection forest plantations. Plowing the edges of the field to the outermost row of trees is most often 1.5 m for the main field protection forest strips and 1.0 m for the auxiliary field protection forest strips, although this distance can vary from 0.5 to 10.0 m. Among all the studied field protection forest strips 25,0-28.6% did not have field roads. Other field protection forest strips had field roads with an average width of 3.0-4.0 m. The projection of the crown of the outer row of trees of the forest strip protruding above the field can be 1.0-12.0 m, most often - 7.0-8.0 m. Corn and winter wheat are the main agricultural crops adjacent to field protection forest strips in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest Steppe. They were grown on 71.4-75.0% of the investigated fields. The main factors of suppressing the trees of field protection forest strips by cultivated crops are deep plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm near the forest strip for corn crops; the spreading method of applying mineral fertilizers, which is about 850 kg/ha of physical weight when growing corn and 650 kg/ha - when growing winter wheat; spraying of crops with synthetic pesticides, growth stimulants, trace elements and other drugs, which can be repeated up to 8-9 times during the growing season for both winter wheat and corn, especially by aerial method.