Abstract
Drought is natural hazard which is caused due to shortage of rainfall. Among the natural hazards, drought is hard to find out because it grows gradually and have huge impact on nature, human habitat and economy. Many satellite based drought indices have so far been suggested for regional and national levels. Meteorological and satellite based indices are used to detect different types of drought, including meteorological, agricultural and hydrological drought. NOAA-AVHRR, MODIS data are used in worldwide for vegetation analysis and drought monitoring and drought assessment. The several meteorological variables (indicators) such as precipitation, temperature, humidity and evapotranspiration are required to calculate drought severity level. The nature of drought indices shows different climate dryness, precipitation deficit or correspond to delayed hydrological impacts such as lowered water level in reservoir, lake, river streams, soil moisture level and agriculture crop health. The long term historical records of satellite imagery and climatic data are essential to calculate drought severity level and to determine drought risk prone area. The agriculture sector is vulnerable to the drought. Now day’s satellite imagery has been used in agriculture drought assessment. The government agencies and district based municipal department can create drought mitigation plan based on drought monitoring model. This review paper has discussed the use of remotely sensed data for agriculture drought assessment.
Highlights
Drought is an interval of time, generally of the order of month of the year in duration during which the actual moisture supply at a given place rather consistently fall short of the climatically expected or climatically appropriate moisture supply (Palmar, 1965)
Several drought indices have been proposed based on vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Albedo, Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) are used for drought study
Reclamation Drought Index (RDI) is used for Hydrological drought estimation, which is only based on precipitation data
Summary
Drought is an interval of time, generally of the order of month of the year in duration during which the actual moisture supply at a given place rather consistently fall short of the climatically expected or climatically appropriate moisture supply (Palmar, 1965). Drought occurs due to insufficient moisture level of crop production so that crop production highly affected due to the drought. Drought has a high impact on economy of the country, because it is very hard to balance between food demand and food supply. This issue has attracted the attention of scientific community, government planner and society. Drought is a natural disaster which is hard to predict, and it is complex to study (Mishra and Desai, 2005). Scanty or irregular rainfall reduces soil moisture level (Bhuiyan, 2008). Various meteorological parameters like temperature, moisture, humidity, evaporation of water, rainfall are helpful for defining drought. Several drought indices have been proposed based on vegetation indices, Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices (NDVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST), Albedo, Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) are used for drought study
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