Abstract
Eritrea obtained independence in 1992, after a century of foreign rule and war. The agricultural sector has been unable to produce enough food for Eritrea and the situation deteriorated substantially during the war with Ethiopia. It has considerable potential for agricultural, including horticultural, production. Eritrea should therefore develop an export base built on agriculture. The rural economy should be transformed from a subsistence to a commercial economy. Agricultural policy could partially achieve this goal by developing incentives, including (nito alis) changes in land tenure systems, improvement of transport, storage and communications infrastructure, marketing services, and also extension and human capital development. Trade policy should focus on gaining access to foreign markets. The government should not attempt to take over entrepreneurial functions, instead it should focus on empowering this sector.
Highlights
Eritrea came under European rule when Italy took possession of the country in 1885 and became an Italian colony a few years later
The Second World War terminated Italian colonial rule, and in 1951 Eritrea was incorporated in Ethiopia in accordance with a decision by the United Nations
During the Ethiopian rule, which lasted until 1991, Eritrean infrastructure did not develop further, but instead regressed during the Revolution regime that followed the deposition of the Emperor of Ethiopia
Summary
Eritrea came under European rule when Italy took possession of the country in 1885 and became an Italian colony a few years later. In 1936 Eritrea was incorporated, together with Abyssinia ( called Ethiopia), in a larger Italian colony of East Africa. The Second World War terminated Italian colonial rule, and in 1951 Eritrea was incorporated in Ethiopia in accordance with a decision by the United Nations. During the Ethiopian rule, which lasted until 1991, Eritrean infrastructure did not develop further, but instead regressed during the Revolution regime that followed the deposition of the Emperor of Ethiopia. A protracted war of insurrection against Ethiopian rule, during the late 1980s, led to the establishment of the independent state of Eritrea in 1992. As difficult as the development of independent Eritrea would be to achieve, it was dealt another heavy blow by a border war with Ethiopia from 1996 to 1999. Concerted efforts are needed to generate quantitative data and information within Eritrea itself
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