Abstract
The main aim of this study was to determine the agreement in classification between the modified KörperKoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK3+) and the Athletic Skills Track (AST) for measuring fundamental movement skill levels (FMS) in 6- to 12-year old children. 3,107 Dutch children (of which 1,625 are girls) between 6 and 12 years of age (9.1 ± 1.8 years) were tested with the KTK3+ and the AST. The KTK3+ consists of three items from the KTK and the Faber hand-eye coordination test. Raw scores from each subtest were transformed into percentile scores based on all the data of each grade. The AST is an obstacle course consisting of 5 (grades 3 till 5, 6–9 years) or 7 (grades 6 till 8, 9–12 years) concatenated FMS that should be performed as quickly as possible. The outcome measure is the time needed to complete the track. A significant bivariate Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.51 was found between the percentile sum score of the KTK3+ and the time to complete the AST, indicating that both tests measure a similar construct to some extent. Based on their scores, children were classified into one of five categories: <5, 5–15, 16–85, 86–95 or >95%. Cross tabs revealed an agreement of 58.8% with a Kappa value of 0.15 between both tests. Less than 1% of the children were classified more than two categories higher or lower. The moderate correlation between the KTK3+ and the AST and the low classification agreement into five categories of FMS stress the importance to further investigate the test choice and the measurement properties (i.e., validity and reliability) of both tools. PE teachers needs to be aware of the context in which the test will be conducted, know which construct of motor competence they want to measure and know what the purpose of testing is (e.g., screening or monitoring). Based on these considerations, the most appropriate assessment tool can be chosen.
Highlights
In the Netherlands, as well as many other countries, the main goal of physical education in primary schools is to develop the motor competence of every child between ages 4–12
The main aim of this study was to determine the agreement in classification between the modified KörperKoordinations Test für Kinder (KTK3+) and the Athletic Skills Track (AST) for measuring fundamental movement skill levels (FMS) in 6- to 12-year old children. 3,107 Dutch children between 6 and 12 years of age (9.1 ± 1.8 years) were tested with the KTK3+ and the AST
It is important to support physical education (PE) teachers, and more in general all professionals working with children, with feasible assessment tools to help them gain insight into the actual development of children’s fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency (Cools et al, 2009; Platvoet et al, 2018; Morley et al, 2019)
Summary
In the Netherlands, as well as many other countries, the main goal of physical education in primary schools is to develop the motor competence of every child between ages 4–12. FMS, can be divided in three categories (balancing, locomotor and object control skills) which include (stick) balancing, hopping, running, and throwing and catching (Gallahue, 2012) These skills have subsequently been described as learned movement patterns built up by gross motor coordination skills. PE teachers will be better able to meet each child demands which is required to develop the FMS proficiency of all children. Of those who score average, and of those with very poor proficiency and those who are highly skilled at a young age
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