Agrarische Transition und industrielle Krise. Anti-Modernismus in Europa in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts

Abstract

Agrarian Transition and Industrial Crisis. Antimodernism in Europe in the First Half of the 20th century Agrarian transition is the phase when an agrarian society changes into an industrial one and both formations are in a state of social and especially cultural equilibrium. In Europe (and in the United States, Latin America, and Japan) transition was coeval with a dual crisis – on the one hand the worldwide agrarian crisis since the 1870s and on the other hand the «Great Depression» and global economic crisis. The «traditionalists» developed a ruralist ideology against de-agrarianization («agrarianism») while the «modernists» revised their belief in progress. Both ideological approaches converged in their search for paths to an «alternative modernity» that would combine (if necessary, by force) both principles.