Abstract
We study experimentally the aging of optical spatial solitons in a dipolar glass hosted by a nanodisordered sample of photorefractive potassium-sodium-tantalate-niobate (KNTN). As the system ages, the waves erratically explore varying strengths of the nonlinear response, causing them to break up and scatter. We show that this process can still lead to solitons, but in a generalized form for which the changing response is compensated by changing the normalized wave size and intensity so as to maintain fixed the optical waveform.
Highlights
Introduction and motivationUnderstanding the glass transition is an enduring challenge, attracting continued interest [1,2,3]
Dielectric spectroscopy indicates that a wide class of ferroelectric crystals, the so-called relaxors, manifest something that can best be understood as a glassy phase [6, 7]
The non-equilibrium is between the high-symmetry paraelectric and the low-symmetry polar phase, and the resulting system behaves like a dipolar glass
Summary
Understanding the glass transition is an enduring challenge, attracting continued interest [1,2,3]. Analyzing the conditions leading to solitons in the glassy system, we find that these change in time without relaxing to a stable time-independent state typical of equilibrium soliton formation Whereas, in general, this leads to soliton break-up, we observe that appropriately changing the wave parameters, i.e., normalized width and intensity, allows to compensate crystal relaxation and leads to a stable non-spreading optical waveform. In general, this leads to soliton break-up, we observe that appropriately changing the wave parameters, i.e., normalized width and intensity, allows to compensate crystal relaxation and leads to a stable non-spreading optical waveform Reconstructing, from these parameters, the equivalent soliton solution in the normalized width-intensity parameter plane indicates that the solution is exploring, in time, the parameter space beyond the constraints of the soliton existence curve, undergoing what can best be termed “soliton aging”
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