Abstract
To investigate socioeconomic and demographic differences regarding population aging in municipalities of the state of Pará, Brazil. Ecological study with secondary demographic, socioeconomic and health data from the 144 municipalities of the state of Pará, Brazil. Data were treated with segmentation analysis, the Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression models, with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Segmentation analysis provided a single variable to describe aging in the municipalities of Pará and originated two clusters, the high and low aging rate ones, with 104 (72.22%) and 40 (27.78%) municipalities in each, respectively. The fitted model revealed an association between aging and per capita income (p = 0.021), vulnerability to poverty (p = 0.003), rich to poor ratio (p = 0.012) and density of people (p = 0.019). There is heterogeneity in the population aging among the municipalities of Pará, mainly regarding socioeconomic conditions and number of people living in the municipalities.
Highlights
In Brazil, the marked decrease in the fertility rate and reduction in mortality resulted in a faster population aging in the last century in comparison with the process observed in more developed societies[1]
The number of elderly people in Brazil is expected to change from 8.6% to 13% of the population from 2010 to 2020, and can reach 20% of the population in 2050
The present study revealed that aging is strongly correlated with socioeconomic conditions in the state of Pará
Summary
In Brazil, the marked decrease in the fertility rate and reduction in mortality resulted in a faster population aging in the last century in comparison with the process observed in more developed societies[1]. The number of elderly people in Brazil is expected to change from 8.6% to 13% of the population from 2010 to 2020, and can reach 20% of the population in 2050. That means that the number of elderly people will exceed the number of people younger than 15 years old[4,6]. This likely new population profile poses challenges and difficult solutions regarding the adoption of public and social policies. A high life expectancy is related to aging weakening, which makes elderly people more prone to develop dementia and physical and mental limitations[7,8,9]
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