Abstract
Objective:The objective of this study was to clarify the generation and gender differences in the association between central obesity and the accumulation of metabolic risk factors (RFs) in the Japanese population.Material and methods:A total of 12 389 subjects (age: 18–80 years) without receiving medication for diabetes, dyslipidemia or hypertension were enrolled in this study and divided according to age and gender. In each group, we performed analyses as follows: (1) a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to evaluate the utility of the waist circumference (WC) for detecting subjects with multiple RFs of metabolic syndrome (MS); (2) a cross-sectional study to examine the relationship between the WC and the odds ratio (OR) for detecting those subjects and (3) a longitudinal study to examine how longitudinal changes (Δ) in WC over a 1-year period affected the values of each metabolic RF.Results:With age, the WC cutoff values yielding the maximum Youden index for detecting subjects with multiple RFs increased only in women, and the areas under the curves of the ROC analysis of WC for detecting those subjects decreased in both genders. The positive correlation between the WC and the OR for detecting subjects with multiple RFs became weaker with age, especially in women. In the longitudinal study, the significant correlation between ΔWC and Δ each metabolic RF, except for hypertension, and between ΔWC and Δ the number of RFs became weaker with age in women, whereas the significant correlation between ΔWC and Δ the number of RFs was not affected with age in men. In women aged ⩾60 years, none of the changes in each metabolic RF were significantly associated with ΔWC.Conclusions:Aging attenuates the association of central obesity with the accumulation of metabolic RFs, especially in women.
Highlights
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which is composed of a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) such as central obesity, high blood pressure, impaired lipid metabolism and hyperglycemia, has been growing globally
The prevalence of an elevated blood pressure (BP), an elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and an elevated TG level increased with age in both genders (Po0.0001), whereas the prevalence of a reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was not influenced by age in both genders
Correlations between changes in waist circumference (WC) or body weight (BW) and metabolic RFs according to age group in a longitudinal study we examined how longitudinal changes (D) in WC and BW over a 1-year period affected the longitudinal changes in each RF of MS and the number of metabolic RFs for each age group
Summary
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), which is composed of a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) such as central obesity, high blood pressure, impaired lipid metabolism and hyperglycemia, has been growing globally. Individuals with MS have a higher risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD).. As many studies have demonstrated that the waist circumference (WC) has a close relationship with the visceral fat area (VFA) on computed tomography, WC is almost always used as one criterion for the diagnosis of MS, and this measure is typically used as a simplified measure of the VFA.. A Japanese committee established criteria for the diagnosis of MS in the Japanese population (Japanese criteria) in cooperation with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in which the WC cutoff values were fixed as 85 and 90 cm for men and women, respectively.. As many studies have demonstrated that the waist circumference (WC) has a close relationship with the visceral fat area (VFA) on computed tomography, WC is almost always used as one criterion for the diagnosis of MS, and this measure is typically used as a simplified measure of the VFA. A Japanese committee established criteria for the diagnosis of MS in the Japanese population (Japanese criteria) in cooperation with the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in which the WC cutoff values were fixed as 85 and 90 cm for men and women, respectively. the IDF subsequently established novel
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