Abstract
AbstractThe evolution of H5N1 has attracted significant interest 1-4 due to linkages with avian 5,6 and human infections 7,8. The basic tenets of influenza genetics 9 attribute genetic drift to replication errors caused by a polymerase complex that lacks a proof reading function. However, recent analysis 10 of swine influenza genes identifies regions copied with absolute fidelity for more than 25 years. In addition, polymorphism tracing of clade 2.2 H5N1 single nucleotide polymorphisms identify concurrent acquisition 11 of the same polymorphism onto multiple genetic backgrounds in widely dispersed geographical locations. Here we show the aggregation of regional clade 2.2 polymorphisms from Germany, Egypt, and sub-Sahara Africa onto a human Nigerian H5N1 hemagglutinin (HA), implicating recombination in the dispersal and aggregation of single nucleotide polymorphisms from closely related genomes.
Highlights
The rapid expansion of the geographical reach of H5N1 clade 2.2 has increased attention on the mechanism of evolution in these rapidly changing genomes
Additional polymorphisms shared between German and Egyptian isolates will be discussed in detail elsewhere
The HA phylogram with this isolate and isolates which share polymorphisms are listed in the phylogram in figure 2
Summary
The rapid expansion of the geographical reach of H5N1 clade 2.2 has increased attention on the mechanism of evolution in these rapidly changing genomes. G467A and T937C were present in all of the isolates from the region. Isolates from northern Germany were similar to isolates from Denmark (designated clade 2.2.2.1), and had sub-regional markers G1235A, T1510C, and T1615C. Additional polymorphisms shared between German and Egyptian isolates will be discussed in detail elsewhere.
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