Abstract
Power systems characterized by large, centralized generation sources and the typical flow of energy from the transmission grid to the distribution grid towards consumers are evolving. The increasing penetration of intermittent and distributed renewable energy generation is forcing system operators to increase the volume of balancing capabilities and procure flexibility services at the distribution grid level that must be supported by the aggregation of small-scale resources connected at the distribution grid. This paper suggests an aggregator framework that provides services for both operators of transmission and distribution systems while optimizes its portfolio to perform on wholesale energy trading markets too. Overlaying phases of multi-period optimization runs are proposed that incorporate stochastic renewable energy generation as well as load forecasts and, moreover, the continuously changing business context while enabling cooperation between optimization phases throughout the business process.
Highlights
Conventional power systems are characterized by large generation sources that inject power into the transmission grid, which is transported to distribution networks before being delivered to the end users
According to the definition derived from the Universal Smart Energy Framework (USEF) [9], an aggregator is responsible for acquiring flexibility from prosumers, aggregating it into a portfolio, creating services that draw on the accumulated flexibility, and offering these flexibility services to different markets that serve various market players
To be able to ignore challenges concerning the dissociation of energy supply / wholesale energy trading and flexibility activation, which is a significant change to current market models, the flexibility center (FC) implements the role of the aggregator using an integrated aggregator model [5]
Summary
Conventional power systems are characterized by large generation sources that inject power into the transmission grid, which is transported to distribution networks before being delivered to the end users. Distributed generation (DG), demand response (DR) and storage facilities will become important components of power systems in the future These resources are connected to low- and medium-voltage networks, making the distribution grid a crucial element of the electricity sector. The increasing penetration of intermittent generation and distributed energy resources has already forced TSOs (Transmission System Operator) to increase the volume of balancing capabilities and start procuring services for. The objective of this study is to develop a framework for an aggregator that implements the aggregator role of heterogeneous distributed energy resource management, complies with the typical electricity market model, follows its business processes, and operates in both wholesale energy and electricity balancing markets. Optimization requirements are collected to fulfil the objectives of previous sections and to optimize process phases, data exchange between phases is determined
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