Abstract
Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) in organic molecules has recently attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their potential applications in different fields. Compared to small molecules, little attention has been paid to polymers and oligomers that exhibit AIE, despite having excellent properties such as high emission efficiency in aggregate and solid states, signal amplification effect, good processability and the availability of multiple functionalization sites. In addition to these features, if the molecular structure is fully conjugated, intramolecular electronic interactions between the composing chromophores may appear, thus giving rise to a wealth of new photophysical properties. In this review, we focus on selected fully conjugated oligomers, dendrimers and polymers, and briefly summarize their synthetic routes, fluorescence properties and potential applications. An exhaustive comparison between spectroscopic results in solution and aggregates or in solid state has been collected in almost all examples, and an opinion on the future direction of the field is briefly stated.
Highlights
Among the recurrent we can find described with these properties, and the simplest ones have been used as luminogen scaf-fluorene, tetraphenylethylene (TPE), triphenylamine (TPA), BODIPY, pyrene, carbazole, fold that induce the emission in solid state
Dendrimers were prepared in a an important role for both Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) activities in convergent manner, while the coupling of the carbazole groups to the benzophenone core the neat films formed with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix; organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) devices were was performed through a variation of the classical Ullman reaction under mild conditions
We have tried to give a holistic vision about the development of fully conjugated structures in which luminogen units are repeated and combined to give compounds with AIE or AIEE properties, a perspective never treated in the bibliography
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. To the best of our knowledge, there is no review in the literature dedicated to the systems where luminescent units are repeated in a fully conjugated structure; the hereby presented review, without being exhaustive, tries to account for fully conjugated oligomers, dendrimers, and polymers with the most outstanding AIE properties in recent years After this brief introduction where the characteristics and properties of the fully conjugated species have been described and the main processes that give rise to the emission of light in the solid or aggregate state have been summarized, we will proceed to recapitulate the most important synthetic methods for the preparation of conjugated compounds.
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