AGF-PPIS: A protein–protein interaction site predictor based on an attention mechanism and graph convolutional networks

Abstract

Protein–protein interactions play an important role in various biological processes. Interaction among proteins has a wide range of applications. Therefore, the correct identification of protein–protein interactions sites is crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel predictor for protein–protein interactions sites, AGF-PPIS, where we utilize a multi-head self-attention mechanism (introducing a graph structure), graph convolutional network, and feed-forward neural network. We use the Euclidean distance between each protein residue to generate the corresponding protein graph as the input of AGF-PPIS. On the independent test dataset Test_60, AGF-PPIS achieves superior performance over comparative methods in terms of seven different evaluation metrics (ACC, precision, recall, F1-score, MCC, AUROC, AUPRC), which fully demonstrates the validity and superiority of the proposed AGF-PPIS model. The source codes and the steps for usage of AGF-PPIS are available at https://github.com/fxh1001/AGF-PPIS.