Abstract
Abstract This chapter presents a case study on the use of force against individuals in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, using both archival research and field research conducted in Israel and the occupied West Bank between 2015 and 2016. It is divided into three substantive sections. The first section describes the social structures, understood in a Durkheimian sense of collective consciousness and representations and the morphological facts of society, that influence the use of force in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The second section conceptualizes the role of human agency, respectively as a pre-legal notion, a legal construction, and a relative concept to signify greater or lesser degree of human autonomy, in the use of force against individuals in war. Adopting a relative conception of human agency, the third section establishes the relative distinction between structural and agential factors through examining their interaction in different instances of use of force in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. It demonstrates how the purported convergence of the laws governing these factors leads to a conflation of ontologies in practice.
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