Abstract
In this paper we propose a new infrastructure for real-time applications. As a preliminary, we describe basic characteristics of the most popular real-time services like VoIP, videoconferencing, live media streaming, and network multiplayer games. We focus on the end-to-end latency, bandwidth and efficient transmission methods. Next, we present our project concepts, infrastructure model, details of implementation and our testing environment which was designed for testing many aspects of real-time services. The system combines mechanisms for ensuring best possible connection quality (QoS), load balance of servers in infrastructure and gives control over the packet routing decisions. Additionally, provided security mechanisms make it a good choice even in the environment where a high security level is required. The system is based on the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model and data between users is routed over an overlay network, consisting of all participating peers as network nodes. This overlay can by used for application level multicast or live media stream. In the logging process each user is assigned to a specific node (based on his geographic location and nodes load). Because nodes are participating in data transmission, we have control over the data flow route. It is possible to specify the desired route, so, regardless of the external routing protocol, we can avoid paths that are susceptible to eavesdropping. Another feature of the presented system is usage of agents. Each agent acts within the single node. Its main task is to constantly control the quality of transmission. It analyzes such parameters like link bandwidth use, number of lost packets, time interval between each packet etc. The information collected by the agents from all nodes allows to build a dynamic routing table. Every node uses the Dijkstra's algorithm to find the best at the moment route to all other nodes. The routes are constantly modified as a consequence of changes found by agents or updates sent by other nodes. In VoD services agents also analyze popularity of streamed media, which helps build intelligent video cache. To ensure greater security and high reliability of the system, we have provided a reputation mechanism. It is used during bringing up to date the information about possible routes and their quality, given by other nodes. Owing to this solution nodes and routes which are more reliable get higher priority.
Highlights
Real time transmission is very important in modern communication
To ensure greater security and high reliability of the system, we have provided a reputation mechanism
Our goal was to design a secure system, which will ensure the best possible connection quality (QoS), which we achieved by path switching technique based on our own routing protocols assisted with reputation mechanisms
Summary
Real time transmission is very important in modern communication. Owing to rapid growth of the Internet and its services, it is possible to build systems that , until recently, have been reserved for telecommunications and television companies, and give us entirely new possibilities. S the first attempts of creating a protocol for transferring human speech over computer network was the Network Voice Protocol [1] (NVP) made by Danny Cohen of the Information Sciences Institute from University of Southern California in 1973. Since that time telephony based on Internet Protocols has become more and more popular. Further increase of speed and quality of the Internet connections made it possible to extend the scope of services for video commutation e.g. Skype or AIM, conference systems [2] and even telepresence robots [3]. Communication over the Internet has become a serious competitor to standard telephony, owing to the possibility of making cheap calls and a wide range of additional features it will be one of the main forms
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