Agenesis of Inferior Vena Cava with Cavernous Transformation and Hypoplastic Infrarenal Part of IVC, Rare Congenital Vascular Anomalies: A Case Series

Abstract

Congenital vascular anomalies are although rare but may cause serious complications. Vascular pathologies are best demonstrated by contrast enhanced computed tomography, with the advent of multidetector computed tomography and applying multiplanar reformation techniques. However, ultrasound color Doppler and catheter angiography are accessory imaging modalities utilized to rule out vascular anomalies. We present here a case series of 2 patients aged 19 years and 54 years, diagnosed with congenital vascular anomalies (agenesis of inferior vena cava and hypo plastic infra renal segment of inferior vena cava). The development of inferior vena cava (IVC) includes early embryogenesis stages including formation, confluence and involution of three primary longitudinal venous systems. Agenesis of inferior vena cava or hypoplasia of segment of inferior vena cava leads to formation of collaterals to maintain the venous flow. Contrast enhanced computed tomography with multiplanar reformation provides ulterior spatial and contrast resolution in cases of recognized vascular abnormalities. Inferior vena cava obstruction due to thrombosis or congenital vascular anomaly leads to extensive collateralization accompanied by varicose veins. In our case series, we found contrast enhanced computed tomography as an ulterior modality in setting ultimate diagnosis with accuracy and maximum detail.