Abstract
Advanced age is associated with increased incidence of a variety of chronic disease states which share oxidative stress and inflammation as causative role players. Furthermore, data point to a role for both cumulative oxidative stress and low grade inflammation in the normal ageing process, independently of disease. Therefore, arguably the best route with which to address premature ageing, as well as age-associated diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and dementia, is preventative medicine aimed at modulation of these two responses, which are intricately interlinked. In this review, we provide a detailed account of the literature on the communication of these systems in the context of ageing, but with inclusion of relevant data obtained in other models. In doing so, we attempted to more clearly elucidate or identify the most probable cellular or molecular targets for preventative intervention. In addition, given the absence of a clear pharmaceutical solution in this context, together with the ever-increasing consumer bias for natural medicine, we provide an overview of the literature on grape (Vitis vinifera) derived products, for which beneficial effects are consistently reported in the context of both oxidative stress and inflammation.
Highlights
With ageing, the capacity of the body to function optimally declines
Given the modern consumer bias for natural medicines, we focused on a group of plant medicines which are consistently associated with beneficial effects on these processes in the literature, grape-derived polyphenols
Sapey et al showed that inaccurate neutrophil migration was causally associated with increased constitutive phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling [49]
Summary
The capacity of the body to function optimally declines. There is a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors which may either accelerate or slow down the ageing process. A number of chronic diseases are associated with advanced age: these include cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and Alzheimer’s disease This results in an exponential increase in the disease burden on modern society, relative to a few decades ago, due to longer life expectancy. While inflammation is crucial for repair of tissue injury and primary defence against invading pathogens and chemicals, it results in unintended detriment to previously uninjured cells These are necessary systems in the body, both oxidative stress and the inflammatory response, if unchecked, can have detrimental consequences which have been linked to accelerated ageing and the progression of Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity age-associated disease. We will provide a more in-depth review of interconnected molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and inflammation in the physiological ageing process, before moving our focus to a discussion of the merits of these plant medicines as potential preventative therapy in this context
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