Abstract
Age-dependent patterns of microRNA RISC loading
Highlights
Two classes of short RNAs have been identified as sequence-specific posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, acting via RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs)
Despite initial discovery from unrelated studies, these RNA classes are related in their biogenesis and assembly into RISC RNA–protein complexes, and are able to regulate gene transcripts negatively in diverse eukaryotes (Ambros, Nature, 2004, 431:350-355; Bartel, Cell, 2004, 116:281-297; Czech and Hannon, 2011, Nature Rev Genet, 21:19-31). miRNAs are small RNA molecules of 20–24 nucleotides in length generated from endogenous transcripts and produced by Dicer, a double-stranded RNA-specific enzyme of the RNAse III family
Lin-4 in C. elegans was later found to play a critical role, like miR34 in Drosophila, in organismal and brain aging (Boehm and Slack, Science, 2005, 310:1954-1957; Kenyon, Ann NY Acad Sci, 2010, 1204:156-162; Smith-Vikos and Slack, J Cell Sci, 2012, 125: 7-17; Liu et al, Nature, 2012, 482:519-523). siRNAs are small RNAs of 21–25 nucleotides in length produced by Dicer. siRNAs are loaded into Ago2-RISC and trigger the silencing of their complementary RNA targets, classically functioning in the antiviral response
Summary
Two classes of short RNAs have been identified as sequence-specific posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression, acting via RNA-induced silencing complexes (RISCs). SiRNAs are loaded into Ago2-RISC and trigger the silencing of their complementary RNA targets, classically functioning in the antiviral response. Methylation occurs on most miRNAs and siRNAs in plants and protects the small RNAs from uridylation and degradation
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