Abstract
ABSTRACT Using finite element methods and a reconstruction of regional plate boundaries we calculated the state of stress in the Farallon plate at 30 m.y.b.p. A key-role in the model is played by the dependence of the driving forces (slab pull and ridge push) on the age of the oceanic lithosphere involved. The results show a highly tensional stress field which we consider to have been the cause for the initiation of spreading along the Galapagos (or Cocos-Nazca) spreading centre and the fragmentation of the Farallon plate into the Cocos plate and the Nazca plate, which took place approximately 30 m.y.b.p.
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