Age-Specific Lipid and Fatty Acid Profiles of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles in the Varzuga River.

Svetlana Murzina,Svetlana Pekkoeva,Nina Nemova,Alexey Veselov,Denis Efremov,Zinaida Nefedova

doi:10.3390/ijms17071050

Svetlana Murzina, Svetlana Pekkoeva + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071050

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Abstract

The age-specific lipid and fatty acid profiles of juvenile Atlantic salmon at different ages (0+, 1+, and 2+ years) after hatching from nests located in the mainstream of a large Arctic River, the Varzuga River, and resettling to the favorable Sobachji shoal in autumn before overwinter are herein presented. The contemporary methods of the lipid analysis were used: thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography. The results show that the stability of the regulation of important functions in developing organisms is maintained through structural alterations in lipids. These alterations can be considered as a sequence of the modifications and changes in the ratios of certain lipid classes and fatty acids constituents. In general, changes in the lipids and fatty acids (FAs) maintained the physiological limits and controls through the adaptive systems of the organism. The mechanisms of juvenile fish biochemical adaptation to the environmental conditions in the studied biotope include the modification of the energy metabolism and anabolism, and here belongs to the energy characteristics of metabolic processes.

Highlights

Lipid status is a biochemical indicator allowing the characterization of early ontogenesis success in fishes and of processes involved in the heterogeneity of fish [1]
The aim of the present study was to present the age-specific lipid and fatty acid profiles of juvenile Atlantic salmon at different ages (0+, 1+, and 2+ years) after hatching from nests located in the mainstream of a large Arctic river, the Varzuga River, and resettling to the favorable Sobachji shoal in autumn before winter
The parameters of lipid metabolism, such as the total lipids (TLs), storage lipids—triacylglycerols (TAGs), and cholesterol esters (EfCHOLs), membrane lipids—phospholipids (PLs) and cholesterol (CHOL), and the fatty acids (FAs) of total lipids were examined in Atlantic salmon juveniles of different ages (0+, 1+, and 2+ years)

Summary

Introduction

Lipid status is a biochemical indicator allowing the characterization of early ontogenesis success in fishes and of processes involved in the heterogeneity of fish [1]. Fatty acids (FAs) are components of lipids that mobilize and rapidly involve the adaptive and preadaptive reactions of an organism to changes in the environment [2]. In fish, which evolutionarily adapt to low temperatures, high levels of polyenoic fatty acids (PUFAs) are genetically predetermined to maintain the optimal metabolism and functioning of ectotermic organisms to life at high latitudes [3,4]. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important for organisms for two main reasons. They modify the physical structure and regulate the physical condition (microviscosity) of the biomembrane; fatty acids are part of acclimation or adaptation processes occurring in response to changes in the environment. Oxidized derivatives regulate many physiological processes in cell and tissues [5,6]

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