Abstract
Venous occlusion is a recognized complication of transvenous pacing. A lead index [lead cross-sectional area divided by body surface area (BSA) at time of implant] of >6.6 mm2/m2 has been used to predict venous obstruction in children. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors and incidence of angiographic venous obstruction after transvenous lead implantation in both children and young adults. Contrast venography was obtained in 85 of 90 consecutive pts undergoing repeat pacemaker or ICD procedures from 2002–04 at a single pediatric cardiac center.
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