Abstract
Age-related melanism for a dwarf species of the genus Macroparalepis, M. brevis, was described for the first time; thus, this phenomenon turns out to be a common generic character. Presumably, the trigger for coloration change is the transition to a mesobenthic lifestyle. The phylogenetic significance of age-related melanism in barracudinas (Paralepididae) is discussed, which may support a kinship of the genera Macroparalepis and Stemonosudis (including Dolichosudis). The species D. fuliginosa was recorded in the Indian Ocean for the first time.
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