Age-related maintenance of eccentric strength: a study of temperature dependence.

Abstract

With adult aging, eccentric strength is maintained better than isometric strength leading to a higher ratio of eccentric/isometric force production (ECC/ISO) in older than younger adults. The purpose was to investigate the ECC/ISO during electrical activation of the adductor pollicis during lengthening (20-320°s(-1)) contractions in 24 young (n=12, ∼24years) and old (n=12, ∼72years) males across muscle temperatures (cold ∼19°C; normal ∼30°C; warm ∼35°C). For isometric force, the old were 20-30% weaker in the normal and cold conditions (P<0.05) with no difference for the warm condition compared to young (P>0.05). Half-relaxation time (HRT) did not differ across age for the normal and warm temperatures (P>0.05), but it slowed significantly for old in the cold condition compared with young (∼15%; P<0.05), as well, there was a 20 and 40% increase in muscle stiffness for the young and old, respectively. ECC/ISO was 50-60% greater for the cold condition than the normal and warm conditions. There was no age difference in ECC/ISO across ages for the normal and warm conditions (P>0.05), but for the cold, the old exhibited a 20-35% higher ECC/ISO than did the young for velocities above 60°s(-1) (P<0.05). A contributing factor to the elevated ECC/ISO is an increased proportion of weakly compared to strongly bound crossbridges. These findings highlight the relationship (r=0.70) between intrinsic muscle contractile speed (HRT) and eccentric strength in old age.