Age-related differences in vertical jump height and handgrip strength measurements

Abstract

Purpose This study aimed to examine the effects of age on vertical jump height and handgrip strength measurements in women. A secondary aim was to investigate the correlations between vertical jump height and handgrip strength. Methods Twenty young (21.5 ± 2.8 years) and twenty older (67.0 ± 5.5 years) healthy women participated in this study. Handgrip contractions were used to assess strength measurements of peak force and rate of force development at different time intervals. Vertical jumps were performed on a jump mat. The jump mat measured vertical jump height based on flight time. Results The older women had lower vertical jump height (P < 0.001) and handgrip peak force (P = 0.028) and rate of force development values (P = 0.003-0.016) than the younger women. A larger difference was observed between the groups for vertical jump height (41%) than handgrip peak force and rate of force development (12-17%). Of all the strength measurements, handgrip rate of force development at 200 ms in the young (r = 0.502, P = 0.024) and older (r = 0.446, P = 0.049) women exhibited the strongest correlation with vertical jump height. Conclusions This investigation showed significantly lower vertical jump height and handgrip peak force and rate of force development values in older compared to younger women. Interestingly, the difference between age groups was larger for jump height than handgrip peak force and rate of force development. This suggests that vertical jump performance may be more severely affected by age than handgrip strength characteristics.