Abstract
During aging cognitive functions change differently from others. Unlike most of the body systems, there is no clear decline pattern in cognitive processes. One of the most significant cognitive processes is decision-making, which defines social interactions, economical relationships, and risky behavior. Among factors influence decisionmaking process, individual lifelong experience is considered to be an important one. Obviously, older adults have more life experience, than the younger groups. However, the former often do not tend to rational choices and beneficial strategies. In this case it is important to assess how aging processes in brain contribute into searching for the most beneficial option during decision-making. On the basis of today’s studies about risky behavior, judgement of fairness, financial games, and modern neuroimaging data this review will observe and discuss age-related differences in decision-making. Thus, a correct cognitive profile of older adult in decision-making context can be determined.
Highlights
Aging is a complex process, which is common for every human being
This life experience comprises all the individual’s significant events, skill, and knowledge, making individual more adapted to certain environment [2,3]
The search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsychArticles, PsycINFO databases, using the following keywords: neurocognitive aging, healthy aging, decision-making, rational thinking, rational choice, reward-related behavior, financial decisions, ultimatum game, Iowa gambling task, lottery choice task, delay-discounting, evaluation of fairness, framing effect, risky behavior, decision outcomes, reward learning, outcome bias, cognitive bias, cognitive conflict, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), EEG, MEG, neuroimaging, probability judgement, reasoning task, risk perception, risky choice, social behavior, lifelong experience
Summary
Aging is a complex process, which is common for every human being. During aging the most of physiological systems and body functions are getting less effective as well as less resistant to harmful environmental stimuli [1]. In the absence of diseases, human brain maintains proper functioning, which sometimes is even facilitated by collected lifelong experience. This life experience comprises all the individual’s significant events, skill, and knowledge, making individual more adapted to certain environment [2,3]. The cognition involves many aspects of intellectual functions, such as attention, perception, reasoning, processing of memory, and decision-making [4]. The latter represents successful life tasks solving, but defines social interactions and behavior. Decision-making is considered to be a part of all economic relationships, risk evaluation, and of social cognition [5]
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