Abstract
ABSTRACT German children's understanding of courage was tested, using an interview and a rating technique. The participants were 90 children in three age groups: 5 to 6 years, 8 to 9 years, and 11 to 12 years. The results of the interview indicated that 5- to 6-year-olds regarded having no fear and performing a risky action as typical of courage. For 8- to 9-year-old children and 11- to 12-year-old children, overcoming fear and subjective risk taking were the criteria for courage, and most 11- to 12- year-olds thought risk taking had to be deliberate if it was to be called courageous. When asked to rate the degree of courage for different activities, 5- to 6-year-olds rated physical risks as being the most courageous, whereas older children rated psychological/social risks, especially morally good risks, as being the most courageous.
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