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Abstract
In the skin, aging is associated with overall epidermal thinning, decreased barrier function, and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune response. However, the presence and role of cytokines, chemokines, and biologic analytes (CCBAs) in immunosenescence are not known. Here we identified age-related changes in skin properties and CCBAs from stratum corneum of healthy human subjects, providing a means to utilize CCBAs as benchmarks for aging skin health. Transepidermal water loss and a(*) (skin redness) decreased in an age-dependent manner, and were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 (56.6 ± 4.6 years) and 3 (72.9 ± 3.0 years) vs. Group 1 (24.3 ± 2.8 years). In skin wash fluid, 48 CCBAs were detected; seven were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 and 3: EGF, FGF-2, IFNα2, IL-1RA, HSA, keratin-6, and involucrin; cortisol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in Groups 2 and 3. Our results correspond with the pro-inflammatory shift that occurs with immunosenescence and also provides basis for understanding the inflammatory changes in normal aging skin.
Highlights
In the skin, aging is associated with overall epidermal thinning, decreased barrier function, and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune response
The barrier function of the skin begins to fail, and a reduced rate of epidermal barrier repair is observed after approximately age 55 when the skin surface pH starts to become less acidic[2]
Using a fluorescent bead-based assay, 48 CCBAs were detected in the skin wash fluid collected from three sites on the upper arm of each subject, ranging in concentration from 0–105,400 pg/ml (Table S2, Supplementary Material)
Summary
In the skin, aging is associated with overall epidermal thinning, decreased barrier function, and gradual deterioration of the epidermal immune response. These methods allowed detection of differences in TNFα , IL-1α , and IL-6 among human subjects with psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and healthy skin This suggests that pro-inflammatory CCBAs can be painlessly collected from the surface of the skin, a technique that would be appropriate for evaluating skin changes and disorders in elderly patients. While it is known that aging skin demonstrates a shift towards a pro-inflammatory state (which may contribute to specific dermatologic disorders in the elderly), it is unknown what skin analytes are involved in the immunosenescence process In this pilot study we hypothesized that there are age-related changes in the presence and relative concentrations of CCBAs in wash fluid of healthy aging skin. Our results of this pilot study demonstrate significant age-related differences in barrier function, redness, and CCBA expression in healthy subjects
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